Lesson For Adolph Mac OS

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An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer. It manages the computer's memory, processes, and all of its software and hardware. It also allows you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer's 'language.' Without an operating system, a computer is useless.

Mac OS is a line of operating systems created by Apple Inc. It comes preloaded on all new Macintosh computers, or Macs. All of the recent versions are known as Mac OS X (pronounced Mac O-S Ten).

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The Operating System's Job

You've probably heard the phrase boot your computer, but do you know what that means? Booting is the process that occurs when you press the power button to turn your computer on. During this process (which may take a minute or two), the computer does several things:

  • It runs tests to make sure everything is working correctly
  • It checks for new hardware
  • It then starts up the operating system
When you booted up your computer today, you will have seen these screens:

https://hereifiles415.weebly.com/apk-su-windows.html. Windows 7, when booted up (without your personal background, widgets, etc)

Once the operating system has started up, it manages all of the software and hardware on the computer. Most of the time, there are many different programs running at the same time, and they all need to access your computer's Central Processing Unit (CPU), memory, and storage. The operating system coordinates all of this to make sure that each program gets what it needs. Without the operating system, the software wouldn't even be able to talk to the hardware, and the computer would be useless. If you ever accidentally delete the operating system, you'll get a black screen and a couple of white characters on your screen, and the worrying statement: 'No operating system found' which requires an expensive and time-consuming visit to a computer repair workshop.

Types of Operating Systems

The ground is falling!!! mac os. Operating systems usually come preloaded on any computer that you buy. Most people use the operating system that comes with their computer, but it is possible to upgrade or even change operating systems.

The three most common operating systems for personal computers are Microsoft Windows, Apple Mac OS X, and Linux.

Modern operating systems use a Graphical User Interface, or GUI. A GUI lets you use your mouse to click on icons, buttons, and menus, and everything is clearly displayed on the screen using a combination of graphics and text. It's the exact type of computer system that you have been using your entire life. When I was a youngster GUIs didn't really exist. We were greeted with a screen like this when we turned our computers on:

Lesson For Adolph Mac Os X

From this Commodore 64 start screen the user would have to type in commands to bring up individual programs. Can you see how much easier it is to just click on the icon for e.g. Word to load the program than to have to search for it each time you want to use it? GUIs revolutionised how we interact with computers.

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The OS X GUI

Before GUIs, computers had a command-line interface, which meant the user had to type every single command to the computer, and the computer would only display text.

Microsoft Windows

Microsoft created the Windows operating system in the mid-1980s. Over the years, there have been many different versions of Windows, but the most popular ones are Windows 7 (released in 2009), Windows Vista (2007), and Windows XP (2001). Windows comes preloaded on most new PCs, which helps to make it the most popular operating system in the world. Windows XP was in common use for a long time, and it built Microsoft into one of the biggest companies in the world. Windows Vista was criticized heavily for being difficult to use and slow, and in many ways it made Microsoft a less successful company. Microsoft are now hoping that Windows 8 rebuilds their fortune, but with competitors such as Apple and Google releasing their own excellent operating systems, it seems likely that Windows 8 will only be massively popular in businesses.

Windows 7

Apple Mac OS X

Mac OS is a line of operating systems created by Apple Inc. It comes preloaded on all new Macintosh computers, or Macs. All of the recent versions are known as Mac OS X (pronounced Mac O-S Ten), and their specific version names are Mountain Lion (released in 2012), Lion (2011), and Snow Leopard (2009). Apple also offers a version called Mac OS X Server, which is designed to be run on servers.

According to StatCounter Global Stats, Mac OS X users account for 6.3% of the operating systems market as of June 2011 - much lower than the percentage of Windows users (over 90%). One reason for this is that Apple computers tend to be more expensive. However, many people prefer the look and feel of Mac OS X.

OS X is also cheap. When you buy an Apple computer it comes installed on it, and any upgrades are priced below £20. Indeed, upgrades for iPads and iPhones are always free, despite the fact that making each upgrade will have cost Apple tens of millions of dollars. Comparing these free upgrades with Microsoft's £150 operating system upgrades makes Apple computers seem like a better option, although the Apple computers are more expensive to purchase in the first place.

Mac OS X Lion

Linux

Linux (pronounce LINN-ux) is a family of open source operating systems, which means that they can be modified and distributed by anyone around the world- for no cost. This is very different from proprietary software like Windows, which can only be modified by the company that owns it (Microsoft). The main advantage of Linux are that it is free, and there are many different distributions (or versions) that you can choose from. Each distribution has a different look and feel, and the most popular ones include Ubuntu, Mint, and Fedora.

Linux users account for less than 1% of the operating systems market as of June 2011. However, most servers run Linux because it's relatively easy to customize. This web page is hosted on a Linux server, and around 90% of the web pages you will see today will be sent to your screen via a Linux host.


Ubuntu Linux

Operating Systems for Mobile Devices

The operating systems that we've been talking about were designed to run on desktop or laptop computers. Mobile devices such as phones, tablet computers, and mp3 players are very different from desktop and laptop computers, so they run operating systems that are designed specifically for mobile devices. Examples of mobile operating systems include Apple iOS, Windows Phone 7, and Google Android.

Lesson For Adolph Mac OS

Operating Systems for mobile devices generally aren't as fully-featured as those made for desktop or laptop computers, and they aren't able to run all of the same software. However, you can still do a lot of things with them, such as watching movies, browsing the internet, managing your calendar, playing games, and more. In many ways tablet and mobile operating systems are better; just as it was hard to use the operating system on the Commodore 64 when I was young (remember the blue screen above with no icons on it?) Tablet operating systems are far easier to use than their computer equivalents. Indeed Charlie, my son, has been using the iPad since he was three. Clicking on an app and having it start automatically (and quickly) is surely the future of computing.


Your work for today:
Copy and paste the questions from
https://docs.google.com/document/pub?id=1k5PlRYYD4_MkLHl-IjHHQ41oo4K81vuqK38Ey9mR5go
into a Word document in your pupil ICT file.
This week the questions are set out for you. Each question should be answered in the lesson. If you do not complete the work in the allocated time then you must finish it in your free time. Answer each question using sentences, and if you have any problems, then as the saying goes: 'Google is your friend'!

How to start up in macOS from Windows

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  1. From the notification area on the right side of the Windows taskbar, click to show hidden icons.
  2. Click the Boot Camp icon .
  3. From the menu shown, choose Restart in macOS.
    If you haven't installed the latest Boot Camp updates, you might get the message ”Could not locate the OS X boot volume.'

Or use Startup Manager as your Mac starts up:

  1. Restart your Mac from the Start menu in Windows.
  2. Press and hold the Option (or Alt) ⌥ key as your Mac begins to restart.
  3. Select your Mac startup volume (Macintosh HD) in the Startup Manager window, then press Return or click the up arrow:

Lesson For Adolph Mac Oscar

How to start up in Windows from macOS

  • Use Startup Manager to choose your Windows (Boot Camp) volume during startup.
  • Or select your Boot Camp volume in Startup Disk preferences, then restart.

Learn more

  • If you're having difficulty using VoiceOver or another screen reader to complete these steps, please contact Apple Support.
  • Learn how to install Windows 10 on your Mac.